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Excursions (Barber)
''Excursions'', Op. 20, is the first published solo piano piece by Samuel Barber. Barber himself explains:
These are ‘Excursions’ in small classical forms into regional American idioms. Their rhythmic characteristics, as well as their source in folk material and their scoring, reminiscent of local instruments are easily recognized.〔Barber, p. 2〕
This is typical of neo-Romantic composers such as Barber. As Susan Carter explains in her dissertation, "The Piano Music of Samuel Barber", that “neo-Romantic composers returned to a style characterized by broad lyricism and dramatic expression.” She also states that the traditional structures of form from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were conserved while drawing upon a “contemporary technical vocabulary.”〔Carter, p. 26〕 From a boogie-woogie style of a five-part rondo to a theme and variations of a well known cowboy ballad, and even to a barn-yard dance with a fiddler, Barber uses each style effectively and accurately, according to the neo-Romantic ideas.
==History==
Before composing his Piano Sonata, Samuel Barber was asked by Jeanne Behrend, a personal friend of his and an accomplished pianist, to write a longer, more involved piece for piano that “would be appropriate to perform on one of her programs of American music.”〔Heyman, p. 231〕 Barber obliged, and in June 1942 the first movement of ''Excursions'' was completed. As it turns out, this piano solo set is the “sole experiment in a nationalistic vein”〔Carter, p. 27〕 in Barber’s career of composing. Even Behrend herself claimed that these pieces were “excursions into a style not typical of Barber”〔Heyman, p. 233〕
In July 1944, Vladimir Horowitz had been interested in performing works by an American composer. He was very impressed with Barber and his composing that he specifically requested to debut ''Excursions''. At that point, movement III had not been written yet, it was the last to be written, and so Horowitz only received movements I, II and IV. He debuted these three pieces on January 4, 1945, at the Philadelphia Academy of Music. It was received well and in March of that year, Horowitz performed the three ''Excursions'' in New York at Carnegie Hall. In January 1946 they were performed at Carnegie Hall by Rudolf Firkusny, who also included them at his recitals in Czechoslovakia that year (including the first Prague Spring Festival 1946) and continued performing them over the following concert season. The official debut of all four movements of ''Excursions'' was left to Behrend who performed them in December 1948, four years after the completion of the set.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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